(1)  Gentle joint oscillations in short-arm traction can be a useful technique to reduce muscle guarding and pain

(2) PROM is progressed with caution (continues until symmetrical and pain free motion is achieved compared to the contralateral shoulder). In cases where the contralateral shoulder is symptomatic, PROM is continued until pain free motion is achieved that falls within established norms.

(3) Scapular depression, protraction performed from a neutral position and back to neutral after each repetition.

The criteria to progress from phase I to phase II include:

(1) passive forward flexion to at least 125 degrees.

(2) passive external rotation in scapular plane to at least 75 degrees.

(3) passive internal rotation in scapular plane to at least 75 degrees.

(4) passive glenohumeral abduction to at least 90 degrees in the scapular plan

(1) AAROM :including supine glenohumeral external and internal rotation with a cane as well as supine flexion with the assistance of the uninvolved limb.

(1) Scapular retraction/depression.

(2) Salute exercise.

(3) Open chain proprioceptive exercises are performed with the patient lying supine with the involved shoulder held in 90° of forward elevation, The patient is then instructed to draw circles and the alphabet in the air utilizing small, controlled motions.

(A) Isotonic and light closed chain stability exercises.
(B) Bear hug exercise using elastic resistance is performed while standing with the back toward the wall, knees slightly bent, and the feet shoulder-width apart. The elbows are flexed to 45°, the arms are abducted 60° out from the trunk, and the shoulder is internally rotated to 45°.

(C) The standing sport cord row exercise is used to strengthen the trapezius and rhomboid musculature.

(D) Isotonic free weight resistance or elastic tubing to address the biceps and triceps brachii muscles.

– Standing position while performing external rotation of the shoulder at 45 degrees of abduction utilizing elastic resistance (strengthening of the posterior cuff muscles, infraspinatus and teres minor).
– By performing external rotation exercises at 90 degrees of abduction, supraspinatus muscle activity is optimally generated.

– Punch with a plus exercise utilizing elastic resistance

– The push-up plus progression exercise

– The Statue of Liberty exercise.

– Throwing exercises against a rebounder starting at or near shoulder height progressing to the overhead position.